*Digs out notes on compression*
If you just want algorithms then youll find plenty of examples on the net, with RLE, LZH, gzip, bzip, huffman encoding, etc. Also look at prefix codes and block codes for simple compression techniques.
The actual theoritical math is (IMHO) rather ugly. To start off with you have compression ratio
Code:
ratio = (LenghtAfter / LengthBefore) * 100
and compression rate
Code:
rate = ((LengthBefore - LengthAfter) / LengthBefore) * 100
Those two are rather straight forward and are the basis of measurement for any given compression method. There are limits to compression, not all data can be compressed (all messages are equally likely), and not all data can be compressed equally well.
The main mathmatical basis for compression is around message probabilites and distributions. For example using the ascii set, you have 256 possible messages, in a novel message 'e' is far more probable than other messages such as 'z' and 'x'. Encoding message 'e' with a short bit string and message 'z' with a longer one is how compression is achieved.
There are formulas for the upper and lower bounds of compression, as well as things like noiseless coding, block code constrution etc. (I wont post them here because they are too complex to write in text, unless you have LaTeX).
Do a google search on Shannon, Kraft and Huffman who all did large amounts of work with the mathmatics and theory behind compression. Hope this helps?
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