Alrighty, I scouted around for a few links and here's what I came up with:
Spark Notes provides the study guides of various philosophical works, with an analysis and summary of each. You might wanna start on these:
The Republic (Plato talks about justice and other social/political issues)
The Apology (Plato writes about Socrates here)
You can also read
Antigone. Although techincally not philosophy, it does cover many of the virtues considered noble by the Greeks (honor, loyalty to family) and things that were considered not noble (arrogance, dishonor, unjustice). It's a great play by the Greek Sophocles. It's not very long either (it's shorter than his other two plays.)
In terms of Greek philosophy, that will get you well on your way. I dont wanna bog you down either and make you feel like this is a homework assignment. That's why I found a study guide for the first two, and Antigone is the text of the play, but has the study guide and analysis link on the same page. You can google any info for the Greeks, or head out to your local library for a copy of Greek history. I will look for other philosophies, like Chinese (Confuncus is a famous one) Indian, and American philosophy. There is also hispanic philosophy but it is hard to find decent English translations.
Anyways, hope this helps get you on your way.