Modern cars have electronic sensors for everything from where the piston is in the stroke all the way to how how much oxygen is in the exhaust stream and how hot the engine block is. I think there are about 25 sensors in most cars, but I'm not perfectly sure. All the data is fed into a computer unit which uses it in several complex algorythms that determine how long to keep the fuel injector open, etc., to create maximum efficiency and minimum harmful emissions.
Interesting thing: there is no such thing as a gas pedal in modern cars. It's really an "air pedal". It controls a throttle which lets more or less air through into the intake valves. A sensor in there detects how much air is flowing in and alters the fuel injectors' pulse time (how long it is kept open). The more the air, the more time the computer tells the injector to keep itself open. A neat thing to do is start a new car, open up the hood, keep the car idling and tell the person in the driver's seat to put the pedal to the metal for a second.
You can actually see the air throttle controller sliding forwards. I've never tried this, but I heard that you can rev the engine by manually pushing the air throttle while the engine is idling.
Fuel injection is vastly better at pretty much everything except repair: There is no chance of you fixing the electronics yourself unless you are a computer electrician/physicist and have a very extensive and pricey workshop in your garage. Even professional mechanics usually discard broken electronics and replace them new. The average fuel injector comes at about 200 Canadian dollars. But compare my family's current two cars: a 1995 Buick Regal and a 1986 Buick Lesabre. The Regal, which utilizes fuel injection get's about 50% more miles per gallon than the Lesabre, which has a carburetor. Brand new cars with really expensive and advanced technology could probably get double the mileage than that of a car with a carburetor.
My favorite car is Bugatti Veyron. It guzzles gas, but it can go from 0 to 60 in three seconds and can hold speeds of up to 250 mph. It's rear spoiler creates a necessary 120 kg of downforce to hold it on the ground, and it has four superb turbo superchargers. It also has a unique 7-gear transmission to convert that 1001 horsepower of torque into speed for the wheels.
I could talk about cars and engines forever...
f only life let you press CTRL-Z.
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